Checklist of Spiders in Sri Lanka
Spiders are a highly diverse group of Arthropods with a total of 48, 735 species in 4,179 genera and 128 families around the world up to date (World Spider Catalog, 2019). In Sri Lanka, the most recent list compiled by Prof. Benjamin et al., (2012) for the National Red List, 2012 consisted of 501 species from 48 families. However, several studies were conducted after this, on several families of spiders adding some new species to the list and removing some from the list (Recent studies considered for this checklist are listed below). Also there were several taxonomic revisions for existing species placing them in different genera or families.
History of studies on spiders in Sri Lanka
Studies on Sri Lankan spider fauna was started in the 19th century during British Colonial period by taxonomists such as Pickard-Cambridge, Pocock and Simon which described a considerable number of species from the island. Pocock (1908) compiled a comprehensive list of spiders with identification keys for the British India, Ceylon and Burma region. Some later works by Brignoli, 1972, 1975 and Van Helsdingen, 1985 further broadened the knowledge on spider fauna of Sri Lanka. Following all these notable studies, first checklist of spiders of Sri Lanka was prepared by Wijesinghe (1987) which included 402 species. Some revisions and re-descriptions were done by researchers in the last one or two decades (Benjamin & Hormiga, 2009; Dimitrov et al., 2009; Álvarez-Padilla & Benjamin, 2011). Several authors including Benjamin (2006) and Platnick (2011) provided checklists with updated information on Sri Lankan spider fauna. The most recent formal checklist of spiders was the one prepared by Benjamin et al. (2012). However, considerable contributions were done by Professor Suresh P. Benjamin and the group and some other researchers to the spider research in Sri Lanka during the period followed by this which included a number of new species to the list of Sri Lankan spiders.
The current list consists of 582 species belonging to 294 genera and 50 families. A total of 17 genera and 311 species are endemic.
History of studies on spiders in Sri Lanka
Studies on Sri Lankan spider fauna was started in the 19th century during British Colonial period by taxonomists such as Pickard-Cambridge, Pocock and Simon which described a considerable number of species from the island. Pocock (1908) compiled a comprehensive list of spiders with identification keys for the British India, Ceylon and Burma region. Some later works by Brignoli, 1972, 1975 and Van Helsdingen, 1985 further broadened the knowledge on spider fauna of Sri Lanka. Following all these notable studies, first checklist of spiders of Sri Lanka was prepared by Wijesinghe (1987) which included 402 species. Some revisions and re-descriptions were done by researchers in the last one or two decades (Benjamin & Hormiga, 2009; Dimitrov et al., 2009; Álvarez-Padilla & Benjamin, 2011). Several authors including Benjamin (2006) and Platnick (2011) provided checklists with updated information on Sri Lankan spider fauna. The most recent formal checklist of spiders was the one prepared by Benjamin et al. (2012). However, considerable contributions were done by Professor Suresh P. Benjamin and the group and some other researchers to the spider research in Sri Lanka during the period followed by this which included a number of new species to the list of Sri Lankan spiders.
The current list consists of 582 species belonging to 294 genera and 50 families. A total of 17 genera and 311 species are endemic.
Following link will take you to the complete checklist (Last updated 23/08/2020)
Publications considered for this list
Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Benjamin, S. P., (2011). Phylogenetic placement and redescription of the spider genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 2761, 51-63.
Baehr, B. C., Harvey, M. S., Smith, H. M. & Ott, R. (2013). The goblin spider genus Opopaea in Australia and the Pacific islands (Araneae: Oonopidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 58, 107-338.
Benjamin, S.P. (2015). Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka. Journal of Natural History. 2015 49, 2609-66.
Benjamin, S. P. (2016). Revision of Cebrenninus Simon, 1887 with description of one new genus and six new species (Araneae: Thomisidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 123, 179-200.
Benjamin, S. P. & Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., (2006). Systematics and conservation of spiders in Sri Lanka: current status and future prospects. In: C. N. B. Bambaradeniya, ed. 2006. The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. Colombo: The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka, 70-76. pp.
Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus Labullinyphia van Helsdingen, 1985, with redescription of Labullinyphia tersa (Simon, 1894) from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Contributions to Natural History, 12, 161-181.
Benjamin, S. P., Nanayakkara R. P. & Dayananda S. K. (2012). The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in Sri Lanka. In: Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara (Eds) The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 42-57 pp.
Benjamin, S.P., Ileperuma Arachchi, I.S., Herath, B.P. (2016). First Record of Platythomisus sudeepi from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Thomisidae). Arachnology. 17, 165-8.
Benjamin, S.P. & Kanesharatnam, N.I. (2016). Description of three new species of the tropical Asian jumping spider genus Onomastus Simon, 1900 from high altitude cloud forests of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa. 4205, 431-53.
Bolzern, A., Burckhardt, D. & Hänggi, A. (2013). Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168, 723-848.
Brignoli, P. M. (1972). Ragni di Ceylon I. Missione biospeleologica Aellen-Strinati (1970) (Arachnida, Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 79, 907-929.
Brignoli, P. M. (1975). Araneae: Ochyroceratidae from Ceylon. Spiders of Ceylon II. Entomologica Scandinavica (Suppl.) 4, 234-239.
Caleb, J. T. D. & Benjamin, S. P. (2017). On the type of Myrmarachne uniseriata Narayan, 1915 (Araneae: Salticidae), with notes on its synonymy. Arachnology 17, 294-296.
Chathuranga, W.G.D. & Ranawana, K.B. (2017). Spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of Upper Hanthana mountain area, Central Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Arachnology. 6, 1-14.
Dimitrov, D., Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). A revised phylogenetic analysis for the genus Clitaetra Simon, 1889 (Araneoidea, Nephilidae) with the first description of the male of the Sri Lankan species Clitaetra thisbe Simon, 1903. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 159, 301-323.
Dimitrov, D., Benavides, L. R., Arnedo, M. A., Giribet, G., Griswold, C. E., Scharff, N. & Hormiga, G. (2017). Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea). Cladistics 33, 221-250.
Dong, T, Zheng, G, Yao, Z.H., Li, S. (2016). Fifteen new species of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa. 4136, 201-246.
Eichenberger, B., Kranz-Baltensperger, Y., Ott, R., Graber, W., Nentwig, W., Kropf, C. (2012). Morphology of new Indian/Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa. 3160, 1-68.
Gabriel, R., Gallon, R. & Smith, A. (2013). The revised taxonomical status of some Poecilotheria species Simon 1885 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society. 28, 103-110.
Huber, B.A., (2019). The pholcid spiders of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zootaxa. 4550, 1-57.
Ileperuma Arachchi, I.S. & Benjamin, S.P. (2019a). The crab spider genus Tarrocanus Simon, 1895 with notes on the genera Alcimochthes Simon, 1895 and Domatha Simon, 1895 (Araneae:Thomisidae). Zootaxa. 4613, 587-593.
Ileperuma Arachchi, I.S. & Benjamin, S.P. (2019b). Twigs that are not twigs: phylogenetic placement of crab spiders of the genus Tmarus of Sri Lanka with comments on the higher-level phylogeny of Thomisidae. Invertebrate Systematics. 33, 575-595.
Jäger, P. (2014). Heteropoda Latreille, 1804: new species, synonymies, transfers and records (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Arthropoda Selecta 23, 145-188.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2016). Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. European Journal of Taxonomy. 228, 1-23
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2018). A new genus and three new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. European Journal of Taxonomy. 444:1-24.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2019). Multilocus genetic and morphological phylogenetic analysis reveals a radiation of shiny South Asian jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). Zookeys.839, 1-81.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2020). On three new species of jumping spiders of the genera Habrocestum Simon, 1876, Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 and Tamigalesus Żabka, 1988 (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. Evolutionary Systematics. 4 2020, 5–19.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2020). First record of Synagelides Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka: description of four endemic species from tropical wet forest of the island. Zootaxa 4790 (1): 043–056.
Kim, P.J., Ye, S. H. & Oh, J. H. (2013). A new species of the genus Saitis Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. Korean Arachnology. 29, 251-262
Kim, P.J. & Ye, H.S. (2014). A new species of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Ctenidae) from Sri Lanka. Korean Arachnology. 30, 61-70.
Lopardo, L., Giribet, G. & Hormiga, G. (2011). Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses — a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture. Cladistics. 27, 278-330.
Lopardo, L. & Hormiga, G. (2015). Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173, 527-786.
Malamel, J.J, Pradeep, M.S. & Sebastian, P.A. (2013). Fecenia travancoria Pocock is recognised as a junior synonym of Fecenia protensa Thorell (Araneae: Psechridae): A case of intraspecific variation. Zootaxa. 3741, 359-68.
Malamel, J.J. & Sebastian, P. A. (2018). On the taxonomic status of Leucauge granulata (Walckenaer, 1841); Leucauge argentata (Cambridge, 1869); Leucauge bengalensis Gravely, 1921; Leucauge tuberculata Wang, 1991: a case of synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11, 408-415.
Marusik, Y. M. & Kovblyuk, M. M. (2011). Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Siberia and Russian Far East. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 344 pp.
Nanayakkara, R.P., Ganehiarachchi, G.M., Vishvanath, N, Kusuminda, T.G. (2015). Discovery of the Critically Endangered Tarantula Species of the Genus Poecilotheria (Araneae: Theraphosidae), Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica, From Sri Lanka. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 8, 1-6.
Nanayakkara, R.P., Kirk, P.J., Dayananda, S.K., Ganehiarachchi G.M., Vishvanath, N., Kusuminda, T. (2012). A new species of tiger spider, genus Poecilotheria, from Northern Sri Lanka. British Tarantula Society. 28, 6-15.
Platnick, N. I., (2011). The World Spiders Catalog, Version 11.5, American Museum of Natural History, Available from: https://wsc.nmbe.ch/resources/archive/catalog_11.5.html/ (20-02-2019).
Pocock, R. I., (1900). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida:I-XII. Taylor and Francis. London.
Polotow, D. & Griswold, C. (2017). Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae). Zootaxa 4362: 51-74.
Prószyński, J. (2016). Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Ecologica Montenegrina 7, 4-32.
Ramírez, M. J. (2014). The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390, 1-374.
Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, S. P. (2016). A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa 4144: 451-476.
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2016a). The Goblin spider genus Xestaspis in Sri Lanka (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa. 4189, 60–80.
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2016b). New records of Pelicinus and Xyphinus from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Oonopidae). Indian Journal of Arachnology. 5, 71-78
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2018). Three new species of Aprusia (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Sri Lanka with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Journal of Natural History. 52, 713-738.
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2018a). Taxonomic descriptions of nine new species of the goblin spider genera Cavisternum, Grymeus, Ischnothyreus, Opopaea, Pelicinus and Silhouettella (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Sri Lanka. Evolutionary Systematics. 2, 65-80.
Sankarank, P.M. & Sebastian, P.A. (2018). Phonognatha vicitra Sherriffs, 1928-a taxonomic misidentification of the orb-weaving spider Acusilas coccineus Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Araneidae). Zootaxa. 4434, 391-395.
Tharanga, D., Wijerathna, T., & Wijesinghe, M.R. (2017). Diversity and morphometry of orb weaver spiders in rainforests in Sri Lanka. Wildlanka 5, 017–026.
Van Helsdingen, P. J. (1985b). Araneae: Linyphiidae of Sri Lanka, with a note on Erigonidae. Entomologica Scandinavica (Suppl.) 30, 13-30.
Wagner, W. A. (1887). Copulationsorgane des Männchens als Criterium für die Systematik der Spinnen. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 22, 3-132.
Wijerathna, T., Tharanga, D., Perera, I.C., Wijesinghe, M.R., (2019). Effects of Habitat Change on the Web Characteristics and Fitness of the Giant Wood Spider (Nephila pilipes) in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Zoology.2019, 1–6.
Wijerathna, T., Tharanga, D., Wijesinghe, M.R., (2017). New distribution record of the abandoned-web orb-weaver, Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) (Araneae:Araneidae) from the wet zone of Sri Lanka. University of Sindh Journal of Animal Science. 1, 1–3.
Wijesinghe, D. P., (1987). The present status of spider taxonomy in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the workshop on “Present Status of Faunal Taxonomy in Sri Lanka”. Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science. Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp 7-19.
World Spider Catalog (2019). World Spider Catalog. Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch, (accessed on: 20/03/2019).
Wunderlich, J. (2008). The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogynae in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of the advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. Beiträge zur Araneologie 5, 802-813.
Yoshida, H. (2016). Parasteatoda, Campanicola, Cryptachaea and two new genera (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Yamagata Prefectural Museum 34, 13-30.
Baehr, B. C., Harvey, M. S., Smith, H. M. & Ott, R. (2013). The goblin spider genus Opopaea in Australia and the Pacific islands (Araneae: Oonopidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 58, 107-338.
Benjamin, S.P. (2015). Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka. Journal of Natural History. 2015 49, 2609-66.
Benjamin, S. P. (2016). Revision of Cebrenninus Simon, 1887 with description of one new genus and six new species (Araneae: Thomisidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 123, 179-200.
Benjamin, S. P. & Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., (2006). Systematics and conservation of spiders in Sri Lanka: current status and future prospects. In: C. N. B. Bambaradeniya, ed. 2006. The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. Colombo: The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka, 70-76. pp.
Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus Labullinyphia van Helsdingen, 1985, with redescription of Labullinyphia tersa (Simon, 1894) from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Contributions to Natural History, 12, 161-181.
Benjamin, S. P., Nanayakkara R. P. & Dayananda S. K. (2012). The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in Sri Lanka. In: Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara (Eds) The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 42-57 pp.
Benjamin, S.P., Ileperuma Arachchi, I.S., Herath, B.P. (2016). First Record of Platythomisus sudeepi from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Thomisidae). Arachnology. 17, 165-8.
Benjamin, S.P. & Kanesharatnam, N.I. (2016). Description of three new species of the tropical Asian jumping spider genus Onomastus Simon, 1900 from high altitude cloud forests of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa. 4205, 431-53.
Bolzern, A., Burckhardt, D. & Hänggi, A. (2013). Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168, 723-848.
Brignoli, P. M. (1972). Ragni di Ceylon I. Missione biospeleologica Aellen-Strinati (1970) (Arachnida, Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 79, 907-929.
Brignoli, P. M. (1975). Araneae: Ochyroceratidae from Ceylon. Spiders of Ceylon II. Entomologica Scandinavica (Suppl.) 4, 234-239.
Caleb, J. T. D. & Benjamin, S. P. (2017). On the type of Myrmarachne uniseriata Narayan, 1915 (Araneae: Salticidae), with notes on its synonymy. Arachnology 17, 294-296.
Chathuranga, W.G.D. & Ranawana, K.B. (2017). Spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of Upper Hanthana mountain area, Central Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Arachnology. 6, 1-14.
Dimitrov, D., Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). A revised phylogenetic analysis for the genus Clitaetra Simon, 1889 (Araneoidea, Nephilidae) with the first description of the male of the Sri Lankan species Clitaetra thisbe Simon, 1903. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 159, 301-323.
Dimitrov, D., Benavides, L. R., Arnedo, M. A., Giribet, G., Griswold, C. E., Scharff, N. & Hormiga, G. (2017). Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea). Cladistics 33, 221-250.
Dong, T, Zheng, G, Yao, Z.H., Li, S. (2016). Fifteen new species of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa. 4136, 201-246.
Eichenberger, B., Kranz-Baltensperger, Y., Ott, R., Graber, W., Nentwig, W., Kropf, C. (2012). Morphology of new Indian/Indonesian Gamasomorpha and Xestaspis species (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa. 3160, 1-68.
Gabriel, R., Gallon, R. & Smith, A. (2013). The revised taxonomical status of some Poecilotheria species Simon 1885 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society. 28, 103-110.
Huber, B.A., (2019). The pholcid spiders of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zootaxa. 4550, 1-57.
Ileperuma Arachchi, I.S. & Benjamin, S.P. (2019a). The crab spider genus Tarrocanus Simon, 1895 with notes on the genera Alcimochthes Simon, 1895 and Domatha Simon, 1895 (Araneae:Thomisidae). Zootaxa. 4613, 587-593.
Ileperuma Arachchi, I.S. & Benjamin, S.P. (2019b). Twigs that are not twigs: phylogenetic placement of crab spiders of the genus Tmarus of Sri Lanka with comments on the higher-level phylogeny of Thomisidae. Invertebrate Systematics. 33, 575-595.
Jäger, P. (2014). Heteropoda Latreille, 1804: new species, synonymies, transfers and records (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Arthropoda Selecta 23, 145-188.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2016). Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. European Journal of Taxonomy. 228, 1-23
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2018). A new genus and three new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. European Journal of Taxonomy. 444:1-24.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2019). Multilocus genetic and morphological phylogenetic analysis reveals a radiation of shiny South Asian jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). Zookeys.839, 1-81.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2020). On three new species of jumping spiders of the genera Habrocestum Simon, 1876, Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 and Tamigalesus Żabka, 1988 (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. Evolutionary Systematics. 4 2020, 5–19.
Kanesharatnam, N., Benjamin, S.P. (2020). First record of Synagelides Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka: description of four endemic species from tropical wet forest of the island. Zootaxa 4790 (1): 043–056.
Kim, P.J., Ye, S. H. & Oh, J. H. (2013). A new species of the genus Saitis Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. Korean Arachnology. 29, 251-262
Kim, P.J. & Ye, H.S. (2014). A new species of the genus Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Ctenidae) from Sri Lanka. Korean Arachnology. 30, 61-70.
Lopardo, L., Giribet, G. & Hormiga, G. (2011). Morphology to the rescue: molecular data and the signal of morphological characters in combined phylogenetic analyses — a case study from mysmenid spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with comments on the evolution of web architecture. Cladistics. 27, 278-330.
Lopardo, L. & Hormiga, G. (2015). Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173, 527-786.
Malamel, J.J, Pradeep, M.S. & Sebastian, P.A. (2013). Fecenia travancoria Pocock is recognised as a junior synonym of Fecenia protensa Thorell (Araneae: Psechridae): A case of intraspecific variation. Zootaxa. 3741, 359-68.
Malamel, J.J. & Sebastian, P. A. (2018). On the taxonomic status of Leucauge granulata (Walckenaer, 1841); Leucauge argentata (Cambridge, 1869); Leucauge bengalensis Gravely, 1921; Leucauge tuberculata Wang, 1991: a case of synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11, 408-415.
Marusik, Y. M. & Kovblyuk, M. M. (2011). Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Siberia and Russian Far East. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 344 pp.
Nanayakkara, R.P., Ganehiarachchi, G.M., Vishvanath, N, Kusuminda, T.G. (2015). Discovery of the Critically Endangered Tarantula Species of the Genus Poecilotheria (Araneae: Theraphosidae), Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica, From Sri Lanka. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 8, 1-6.
Nanayakkara, R.P., Kirk, P.J., Dayananda, S.K., Ganehiarachchi G.M., Vishvanath, N., Kusuminda, T. (2012). A new species of tiger spider, genus Poecilotheria, from Northern Sri Lanka. British Tarantula Society. 28, 6-15.
Platnick, N. I., (2011). The World Spiders Catalog, Version 11.5, American Museum of Natural History, Available from: https://wsc.nmbe.ch/resources/archive/catalog_11.5.html/ (20-02-2019).
Pocock, R. I., (1900). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida:I-XII. Taylor and Francis. London.
Polotow, D. & Griswold, C. (2017). Cleaning old cabinets: revealing the taxonomy of Sri Lankan wolf spiders (Araneae, Udubidae and Zoropsidae). Zootaxa 4362: 51-74.
Prószyński, J. (2016). Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Ecologica Montenegrina 7, 4-32.
Ramírez, M. J. (2014). The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390, 1-374.
Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, S. P. (2016). A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa 4144: 451-476.
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2016a). The Goblin spider genus Xestaspis in Sri Lanka (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa. 4189, 60–80.
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2016b). New records of Pelicinus and Xyphinus from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Oonopidae). Indian Journal of Arachnology. 5, 71-78
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2018). Three new species of Aprusia (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Sri Lanka with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Journal of Natural History. 52, 713-738.
Ranasinghe, U.G.S.L. & Benjamin, S.P. (2018a). Taxonomic descriptions of nine new species of the goblin spider genera Cavisternum, Grymeus, Ischnothyreus, Opopaea, Pelicinus and Silhouettella (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Sri Lanka. Evolutionary Systematics. 2, 65-80.
Sankarank, P.M. & Sebastian, P.A. (2018). Phonognatha vicitra Sherriffs, 1928-a taxonomic misidentification of the orb-weaving spider Acusilas coccineus Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Araneidae). Zootaxa. 4434, 391-395.
Tharanga, D., Wijerathna, T., & Wijesinghe, M.R. (2017). Diversity and morphometry of orb weaver spiders in rainforests in Sri Lanka. Wildlanka 5, 017–026.
Van Helsdingen, P. J. (1985b). Araneae: Linyphiidae of Sri Lanka, with a note on Erigonidae. Entomologica Scandinavica (Suppl.) 30, 13-30.
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